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Adding new column to data-frame

A column can easily be added to data-frame

df0=pd.DataFrame([38,40,25,33])
df['Ave_hour']=df0

Using assign() can also add new columns, new columns can be generated using functions, see below 

df=df.assign(Ave_hour=df0)
df=df.assign(PI1=lambda x: x['population']*x['median_income'],PI2=df['population']/df['median_income'] )

A new column can be added to data-frame 

df.columns=['population1','median_income','Ave_hour','PI1','PI2']
df=df.rename(columns={'population1': 'pop', 'median_income': 'med_income'})